\section{Network Diagnostics}

\begin{frame}
   {Network Diagnostics}

   \begin{itemize}
      \item \textbf{ping}
      \item \textbf{traceroute}
      \item \textbf{mtr}
      \item \textbf{dig}
   \end{itemize}

\end{frame}

\cprotect\note{

   A number of basic network utilities are in every system
   administrator's toolbox, including:

   \textbf{ping}:

   Sends 64-byte test packets to designated network hosts and
   and tries to report back on the time required to reach it
   (in milliseconds), any lost packets, and some other
   parameters.  Note that the exact output will vary
   according to the host being targeted, but at least you can
   see that the network is working and the host is reachable.

   \textbf{traceroute}:

   Is used to display a network path to a destination. It
   shows the routers packets flow through to get to a host,
   as well as the time it takes for each \textbf{hop}.

   \textbf{mtr}:

   Combines the functionality of \textbf{ping} and
   \textbf{traceroute} and creates a continuously updated
   display, like \textbf{top}.

   \textbf{dig}:

   Is useful for testing \textbf{DNS} functionality.  Note
   one can also use \textbf{host} or \textbf{nslookup}, older
   programs that also try to return \textbf{DNS} information
   about a host.

   Note that some \textbf{Linux} distributions, such as
   \textbf{RHEL}, may require root privilege (as with
   \textbf{sudo}) in order to run the first three diagnostic
   utilities.

   \textbf{Examples:}
   \begin{cmd}
$ ping -c 10 linuxfoundation.org
$ traceroute linuxfoundation.org
$ mtr linuxfoundation.org
   \end{cmd}

}
\begin{frame}
   {ping Example}

   \begin{figure}[H]
      \includegraphics[width=0.975\textwidth]{IMAGES/ping}
      \caption{ping}
   \end{figure}

\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
   {traceroute Example}

   \begin{figure}[H]
      \     \includegraphics[width=0.975\textwidth]{IMAGES/traceroute}
      \caption{traceroute}
   \end{figure}

\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
   {mtr Example}

   \begin{figure}[H]
      \includegraphics[width=0.975\textwidth]{IMAGES/mtr}
      \caption{mtr}
   \end{figure}

\end{frame}

\cprotect\note{

}
